Asociación Para La Enseñanza De La Mujer
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The Asociación para la Enseñanza de la Mujer (AEM, Association for the Education of Women) was a women's rights organisation active in
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...
from 1870. It was founded by the progressive educator
Fernando de Castro Fernando de Castro ( 1380 – April 1440 or 1441, off Cape St. Vincent) was a 15th-century Portuguese nobleman, diplomat and military figure. Fernando de Castro was the 1st Lord of Paúl de Boquilobo. He was a member of the royal council of Joh ...
, professor at the University of Madrid, in 1870. The purpose of the association was to make higher education available to women. The period between the deposition of queen
Isabella II of Spain Isabella II ( es, Isabel II; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904), was Queen of Spain from 29 September 1833 until 30 September 1868. Shortly before her birth, the King Ferdinand VII of Spain issued a Pragmatic Sanction to ensure the successio ...
in 1868 and the Restoration of 1875 was a time of intense debate over the reformation of society, which also included the issue of women's rights, which was to become the starting point of the Spanish women's movement. In 1869, Fernando de Castro gave a series of lectures on education of women, in which he argued that education should be made available for women so that they too could fulfill their individual potential and help to bring forward the development of Spain in line with more developed Western nations. A popular argument was also that the perceived maternal instincts of women made them better educators. In 1869, he founded the Ateneo Artistico Literario y Senoras, which was split into the Escuela de Institutrices and the Asociación Nacional de Mujeres Españolas in 1870.
Concepción Arenal Concepción Arenal Ponte ( Ferrol, 31 January 1820 – Vigo, 4 February 1893) was a graduate in law, thinker, journalist, poet and Galician dramatic author within the literary Realism and pioneer in Spanish feminism. Born in Ferrol, Galicia, sh ...
, often referred to as the first women's rights activist in Spain, and
Faustina Sáez de Melgar Faustina Sáez de Melgar, née ''Faustina Sáez y Soria'' (1834–1895) was a Spanish writer and journalist. She was mother of the composer and painter . Biography Faustina Sáez y Soria began to write her first literary texts at age nine, an ...
was engaged in the AEM from the start, having served in the advisory board of the Ateneo Artistico Literario y Senoras. The AEM provided lectures to women in various subjects. As the public educational system did not offer women much education, the AM received funds from its sympathizers to create private educational institutions for women. It founded primary and secondary schools for girls as well as professional training schools for women. It founded the School of Business for Young Women in 1878, and the Postal and Telegraph School in 1883. It established itself in many different parts of Spain: it was set up in
Vitoria Vitoria or Vitória may refer to : People * Francisco de Vitoria (c. 1483–1546), a Spanish Renaissance theologian * Alberto Vitoria (1956–2010), Spanish footballer * Rui Vitória (born 1970), Portuguese retired footballer * Steven Vitória (b ...
in 1879,
Málaga Málaga (, ) is a municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 578,460 in 2020, it is the second-most populous city in Andalusia after Seville and the sixth most pop ...
in 1886, and
Valencia Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...
in 1888. From 1880, it was given some government support. It also agitated through lectures, congresses and publications in favor of access of higher education for women, which was the main focus of the women's rights movement in Spain until the struggle for women suffrage begun around 1920, when Asociación Nacional de Mujeres Españolas and other suffrage organisations were founded. The AEM had impact on the pedagogic teacher's conferences, and, eventually, on educational reforms. Though individual female students were accepted before, the universities of Spain did not formally open to women until 1910.


References

* Joyce Goodman, James C. Albisetti & Rebecca Roger: Girls' Secondary Education in the Western World: From the 18th to the 20th century
The Educated Woman: Minds, Bodies, and Women's Higher Education in Britain

Fictions of the Feminine in the Nineteenth-Century Spanish Press

Gender and Nation in the Spanish Modernist Novel
* Jennifer Jenkins Wood:
Spanish Women Travelers at Home and Abroad, 1850–1920: From Tierra del Fuego to the land of the Midnight Sun
' Bucknell University Press, 2014 {{DEFAULTSORT:Asociacion para la Ensenanza de la Mujer Feminist organisations in Spain Women's rights organizations 1870 establishments in Spain Feminism and history Women's suffrage in Spain Organizations established in 1870